鱼类研究使用指南

8.实验动物的最终处置

doi:https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874394.ch8

有几种方法可以使鱼安乐死。各种监管机构或授权机构可能会要求具体的安乐死方法和书面协议，以证明对人道治疗的充分重视。美国兽医协会(AVMA)《动物安乐死指南:2013版》(AVMA 2013, https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)列出了一些安乐死方法，以及《实验动物护理和使用指南》(NRC 2011)中的一般考虑因素。

一般来说，在派遣之前，这些程序必须在最小的压力下快速执行。脊髓脱位或斩首通常是可以接受的方法，只要手术进行得迅速准确。一些IACUCs已经批准了可以通过冰浴冷休克对小鱼(总长<5厘米)实施安乐死的方案(Wilson et al. 2009;Blessing et al. 2010)。在镇静后将小鱼浸泡在液氮中可立即安乐死(Schaffer 1997);但是，在使用这种方法之前，应与国际审计委员会或其他监督机构讨论这种方法及其适当性。根据鱼的大小和实验需要，在安乐死之前可能需要进行某种形式的物理麻醉，如体温过低。冷休克和电击通常用于准备屠宰大量动物的鱼类加工者，在这种情况下，鱼可能被视为商品而不是研究标本。少量的鱼可以通过接触相对高浓度的镇静剂(如MS-222)而安乐死;然而，使用MS-222 (AVMA 2013, https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf)和其他化学镇静剂作为安乐死剂尚未获得FDA批准，这些化学安乐死的鱼类可能无法供人或动物食用。 See section 7.11 Restraint of Fishes: Sedatives and Related Chemicals. See Coyle et al. (2004) on anesthetic use with aquatic animals, including dosages used with commonly cultured fish species (Southern Regional Aquaculture Center fact sheet 3900 at https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/162/). Euthanasia through simple oxygen deprivation (dewatering) is sometimes practiced during mandated depopulation of production-level facilities; however, this procedure is not recommended for research situations. Stunning with an electroshock followed by rapid decapitation or cold shock is a suggested alternative if large numbers of fishes must be euthanized. Rotenone, which blocks oxygen uptake, has been useful in cases of the occurrence of unintended exotics (Rayner and Creese 2006) (see section 5.2.3 Representative Samples). Selection of euthanasia methods should be done in coordination with the institutional IACUC. Additional information is provided by The University of Florida Extension Service, where publications addressing methods of fish slaughter, killing, and euthanasia are reviewed (Yanong et al. 2007, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FA/FA15000.pdf).