鱼的栖息地:鱼类栖息地和康复至关重要

牡蛎珊瑚礁的角色至关重要的鱼类栖息地:回顾当前的知识和一些新的观点

罗兰·d·科恩,马克·w·Luckenbach和丹尼斯·l·Breitburg

doi:https://doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch32

文摘molluscan-dominated系统的重要性。(例如,牡蛎珊瑚礁,河蚌,vermetid腹足类)的维护商业生态重要物种尚未广泛公认的重要性等结构复杂的河口栖息地海草床和盐沼。因此,这些系统往往被赏识和替代。重要的生态系统服务molluscan-dominated系统包括:(1)过滤能力;(2)底栖生物——远洋耦合;(3)创建从捕食的聚集地;(4)创建喂养幼年和成年移动物种的栖息地以及固着的物种阶段直接附加到软体动物的壳;(5)提供筑巢的栖息地。破坏性的收获和过度捕捞可以减少栖息地范围和影响栖息地的功能。直到最近,生态系统服务被纳入这些系统的管理。牡蛎珊瑚礁的角色为“重要鱼类栖息地”分为两个主要类别:(1)珊瑚礁作为牡蛎和(2)珊瑚礁栖息地作为居民和瞬态物种的栖息地。 Although the former role has received some attention as part of efforts to restore oyster resources, the latter role remains largely unexplored. The role of oyster reefs as critical habitat for other species is suggested by the diverse fauna associated with them; however, the factors that control the development of these reef-associated assemblages are generally unknown, and enumeration of specific habitat services using replicated field experiments is just beginning. Using data summarized from studies in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, we classify finfish assemblages associated with reefs based upon the degree of their association and include an extensive finfish and decapod species list. We conclude, within the context of the current state of knowledge, that (1) the construction of reef bases using materials that provide adequate vertical relief and interstitial space and (2) the establishment of broodstock sanctuaries protected from harvesting pressure are important for restoring oyster populations. Utilization of reef habitats by numerous commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important species across a wide geographic range likely portends the reef habitats’ importance as essential fish habitat, but many functional relationships remain to be evaluated. Future oyster habitat research needs include (1) defining the morphological and spatial reef characteristics that support enhanced oyster growth and survival; (2) improving understanding of how harvest methods affect reef integrity and function; (3) determining the critical services provided by reef habitats in the life cycles of important species; and (4) further clarifying the trophic links between the resident fauna on oyster reefs and transient species.