9781934874431——ch8

奥奈达湖:管理生态系统及其渔业的长期动态

第八章:长期浮游植物群落动态:奥奈达湖(1975-2011)

纳赛尔·伊德里西,爱德华·l·米尔斯,拉尔斯·g·鲁斯塔姆

doi:https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874431.ch8

浮游植物组合的结构由自下而上和自上而下的过程调节(Carpenter and Kitchell 1984;麦昆等人,1986;Persson et al. 1992)。这些调节过程已通过湖泊生态系统的操纵实验得以证明(McQueen等人,1989年;Carpenter and Kitchell 1993;Carpenter et al. 2011)。然而,操纵实验是一种夸张的自然系统,旨在展示机制和过程。由于时间和空间的高度变异性,很难确定在自然条件下调节生态系统结构的过程(Currie et al. 1999)。长期数据序列可能有助于识别高变化率的自然系统中的模式,但长期数据序列很少,它们通常包含以意外方式改变生态系统的人为和自然扰动(Edmondson 1970;米尔斯等,1993; Strayer et al. 1999; Idrisi et al. 2001; Hampton et al. 2006). For example, the 1970s ban on phosphates in detergents as mandated by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement led to a reduction in the concentrations of phosphorus in the Oneida Lake ecosystem. As a result, phosphorus concentrations in the lake declined from high values exceeding 100 μg/L in the 1960s to the current levels of 20–40 μg/L (Zhu et al. 2006; Fitzgerald et al. Chapter 10). We expect that this reduction in nutrient levels changed the phytoplankton community structure and seasonal succession from the bottom-up (Idrisi et al. 2001). At the same time, changes in grazing by herbivorous zooplankton and the invasive zebra musselDreissena polymorpha可能减少了浮游植物的直立作物(Carpenter and Kitchell 1993;Idrisi et al. 2001;Higgins和Vander Zanden 2010)。随着生态时间的推移,这些自下而上和自上而下的力量可能相互作用,影响了奥奈达湖远洋生态系统中常住作物和浮游植物的群落结构。